Range - There are significant differences in the cable lengths that can be used with the RS232 and RS485 protocols. The recommended voltage for RS232 is +12V to -12V, and signals degraded to as low as 3V can still be understood. Voltage - RS485 uses voltages between +5V and -5V. Native RS485 is half-duplex, meaning it can only transmit in one direction at a time. To achieve duplex communication with RS485 you need another set of wires. Two-way transmission - RS232 is full-duplex, meaning that it can transmit data in both directions, both sending and receiving. RS485 cables only have three wires, 2 for data transmission and 1 for the ground. Each wire serves a distinct purpose in the data transmission. The number of wires - An RS232 cable is typically comprised of 9 different wires, though in some connectors, 25 wires are used. So let’s take a look closer at these differences. The main difference between RS232 and RS485 serial ports are in:
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